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NS1 biathletes have a near-total visual impairment. They must compete wearing opaque shades or glasses so that no light can be seen.
They must use a guide who skis in front of the athlete giving verbal directions around the course. When shooting, they aim by hearing a tone through headphones. The pitch of the tone raises as their aim nears the target centre.
Generally, visually impaired biathletes all race together as NS1-3 using a factored timing system, which alters the running speed of the clock.
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